True                # boolean True (capitalised)
False               # boolean False (capitalised)

x > 3               # True if x is greater than 3, else False
x < 3               # True if x is less than 3, else False
x == 3              # True if x is equal to 3, else False
x >= 3              # True if x is greater than or equal to 3,
                    # else False
x <= 3              # True if x is less than or equal to 3,
                    # else False
x != 3              # True if x is not equal to 3, else False

k = [2, 4, 6, 8]
x in k              # True if value x is present in
                    # sequence k, else False
x not in k          # True if value x is not present in
                    # sequence k, else False

a is b              # True is a and b are the same object
                    # equivalent to id(a)==id(b)
a is not            # True is a and b are not the same object

not x > 3           # True if x is NOT greater than 3
                    # equivalent to x <= 3
x < 3 and y < 2     # True if x is less than 3 AND y is less than 2
x < 3 or y < 2      # True if x is less than 3 OR y is less than 2

5 <= z < 10         # True if z is greater than or equal to 5 AND
                    # z is less than 10

0                   # 0 or 0.0 count as False
                    # Any non-zero number counts as True

[]                  # Any empty collection counts as False
                    # Any non-empty collection counts as True
                    # Collections include lists, tuples, dicts, sets

None                # The value None counts as False

if x > 10:
    print('big')    # Only executed if x is greater than 10

if x > 10:
    print('big')    # Only executed if x is greater than 10
else:
    print('small')  # Executed if x is less than or equal to 10


if x > 10:
    print('big')    # Only executed if x is greater than 10
elif x > 5:
    print('mid')    # Only executed if x is greater than 5 but
                    # less than or equal to 10
else:
    print('small')  # Executed if x is less than or equal to 5

a = 0
while a < 3:
    print(a)        # prints 0 1 2
    a += 1

while True:
    print('.')      # prints . . . forever
                    # useful with a break statement

for i in range(5):      # from 0 up to but not including 5
    print(i)            # prints:
                        #        0
                        #        1
                        #        2
                        #        3
                        #        4

for i in range(2, 5):   # from 2 up to but not including 5
    print(i)            # prints:
                        #        2
                        #        3
                        #        4

for i in range(1, 9, 2):    # from  up to but not including 9
    print(i)                # in steps of 2
                            # prints:
                            #        1
                            #        3
                            #        5
                            #        7

k = [20, 50, 30 10]
for x in k:                 # loops over each element in k
    print(x)                # prints:
                            #        20
                            #        30
                            #        50
                            #        10

for i, x in enumerate(k):   # loops over each element in k
    print(i, x)             # prints:
                            #        0 20
                            #        1 30
                            #        2 50
                            #        3 10

m = ['ab', 'cd', 'ef', 'gh']
n = [10, 20, 30, 40]
for a, b in zip(m, n):      # loops over each element in m, n
    print(i, x)             # prints:
                            #        ab 10
                            #        cd 20
                            #        ef 30
                            #        gh 40